Elit Alp Disiplini Kayakçıların Bacak Gücü İle Yarış Performansları Arasındaki İlişki
Keywords:
Leg Strength; Strength; Speed, Alpine SkiAbstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between leg strength and racing performance of elite alpine skiers.
Material and Method: The scope of our research consisted of elite alpine skiers (n=33) aged between 16-33, competing in clubs affiliated to the Turkish Ski Federation. National team athletes with a mean age of 21.52±4.62 years and/or 25 male and 8 female skiers skiing in the A1 Ski League voluntarily participated in our study. The leg strength of the participants was determined by performing the Vertical Jump test with the NewTest Powertimer PC 2.0 device.
Results: In our study; in a positive direction between age and jump, leg strength and competition speed; A negative correlation was found between the duration of the competition (p<0.05). A positive relationship was found between height, jump and leg strength, and a negative relationship between competition time (p<0.05). There was a positive relationship between weight and jump, leg strength and competition speed, and a negative relationship between competition time (p<0.05). In the evaluation of leg strength, it was observed that there was a positive significance between leg strength and competition speed (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that there was a negative correlation (r -0.539) and a positive significance (p<0.05) between the jump height and leg strength and the duration of the competition.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, which examined the relationship between leg strength and racing performance of elite alpine skiers; It can be said that leg strength has a positive effect depending on the ski training year, contributes significantly to the race results according to the degree obtained, is effective in the competition speed, and has a great importance in the race performance together with the jump height it shows parallelism.
References
Abidin, N. Z., & Adam, M. B. (2013). Prediction of vertical jump height from anthropometric factors in male and female martial arts athletes. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 20(1), 39–45.
Altınkök, M., Ölçücü, B. (2012). 10 Yaş Tenisçilerde Yarışma Öncesi Postural Kontrol ile Çeviklik Performanslarının İncelenmesi / The Examination on Postural Control and Agility Performance of 10 Year Old Tennis Players before the Competition. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 14 (2), 273-276.
Armstrong, N., Welsman, J. R., & Chia, M. Y. (2001). Short term power output in relation to growth and maturation. British journal of sports medicine, 35(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.2.118.
Bahrke, M. S., & Morgan, W. P. (1994). Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 18(4), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418040-00003.
Balčiūnas, M., Stonkus, S., Abrantes, C., & Sampaio, J. (2006). Long term effects of different training modalities on power, speed, skill and anaerobic capacity in young male basketball players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 5(1), 163–170.
Bayraktar, I. (2006). Farklı Spor Branşlarında Pliometrik Güç Gelişiminin Anahtarı, Ata Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara.
Bompa, T. O., Haff, G. G. (2009). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training, 5th. Edition, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
Bostancı, Ö. (2009). Elit yüzücülerde ve futbolcularda akciğer hacim oranının stereolojik yöntemle belirlenip solunum parametleri ile karşılaştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Brunner, F., Ruedl, G., Kopp, M., & Burtscher, M. (2015). Factors Associated with the Perception of Speed among Recreational Skiers. PloS one, 10(6), e0132002. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132002.
Caswell, S. V., Ausborn, A., Diao, G., Johnson, D. C., Johnson, T. S., Atkins, R., Ambegaonkar, J. P., & Cortes, N. (2016). Anthropometrics, Physical Performance, and Injury Characteristics of Youth American Football. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 4(8), 2325967116662251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116662251.
Chamari, K., Hachana, Y., Ahmed, Y. B., Galy, O., Sghaïer, F., Chatard, J. C., Hue, O., & Wisløff, U. (2004). Field and laboratory testing in young elite soccer players. British journal of sports medicine, 38(2), 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.004374.
Chimera, N. J., & Kremer, K. (2016). SPORTSMETRICS™ TRAINING IMPROVES POWER AND LANDING IN HIGH SCHOOL ROWERS. International journal of sports physical therapy, 11(1), 44–53.
Chu, D. A. (1992). Jumping into plyometrics. Leisure Press, Champaign, IL.
Crespo, M., Miley, D. (1998). Advanced Coaches Manual. Bahamas Canada, West Bay Street Nassau, 1-149.
de Ruiter, C. J., Van Raak, S. M., Schilperoort, J. V., Hollander, A. P., & de Haan, A. (2003). The effects of 11 weeks whole body vibration training on jump height, contractile properties and activation of human knee extensors. European journal of applied physiology, 90(5-6), 595–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0931-2.
De Ste Croix, M. B., Armstrong, N., Chia, M. Y., Welsman, J. R., Parsons, G., & Sharpe, P. (2001). Changes in short-term power output in 10- to 12-year-olds. Journal of sports sciences, 19(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101300036352.
Donti, O., Tsolakis, C., & Bogdanis, G. C. (2014). Effects of baseline levels of flexibility and vertical jump ability on performance following different volumes of static stretching and potentiating exercises in elite gymnasts. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(1), 105–113.
Doré, E., Bedu, M., França, N. M., & Van Praagh, E. (2001). Anaerobic cycling performance characteristics in prepubescent, adolescent and young adult females. European journal of applied physiology, 84(5), 476–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210100385.
Erickson, B. J., Harris, J. D., Fillingham, Y. A., Cvetanovich, G. L., Bhatia, S., Bach, B. R., Bush-Joseph, C. A., & Cole, B. J. (2013). Performance and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in X-games skiers and snowboarders. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967113511196.
Hazır, T. , Mahir, Ö. F. & Açıkada, C. (2010). Genç futbolcularda çeviklik ile vücut kompozisyonu ve anaerobik güç arasındaki ilişki. Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 21 (4) , 146-153.
Holmstrup, M. E., Jensen, B. T., Evans, W. S., & Marshall, E. C. (2016). Eight Weeks of Kettlebell Swing Training Does not Improve Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Females. International journal of exercise science, 9(3), 437–444.
Huang, C. Y., Hsieh, T. H., Lu, S. C., & Su, F. C. (2011). Effect of the Kinesio tape to muscle activity and vertical jump performance in healthy inactive people. Biomedical engineering online, 10, 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-70.
Imai, A., & Kaneoka, K. (2016). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRUNK ENDURANCE PLANK TESTS AND ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE TESTS IN ADOLESCENT SOCCER PLAYERS. International journal of sports physical therapy, 11(5), 718–724.
Jovanovic, M., Sporis, G., Omrcen, D., & Fiorentini, F. (2011). Effects of speed, agility, quickness training method on power performance in elite soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 25(5), 1285–1292. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d67c65.
Kabadayı, M. (2005). Aktif engelli basketbol ve futbolcularda stereolojik yöntemle hesaplanan triceps brachii kas hacminin dirsek ekstansiyon kuvveti ile ilişkisi. Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.
Kejonen P. (2002). Body Movements during Postural Stabilization. Dissertation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. University of Oulu, Oulu, 78-81.
Król, H., & Mynarski, W. (2012). A comparison of mechanical parameters between the counter movement jump and drop jump in biathletes. Journal of human kinetics, 34, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0064-y.
Laudner, K., Evans, D., Wong, R., Allen, A., Kirsch, T., Long, B., & Meister, K. (2015). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISOKINETIC KNEE STRENGTH AND JUMP CHARACTERISTICS FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION. International journal of sports physical therapy, 10(3), 272–280.
Lemmink, K. A., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2004). Evaluation of the reliability of two field hockey specific sprint and dribble tests in young field hockey players. British journal of sports medicine, 38(2), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.001446.
Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2005). Specificity of acceleration, maximum speed, and agility in professional soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 19(1), 76–78. https://doi.org/10.1519/14253.1.
Lockie, R., Schultz, A., Callaghan, S., Jordan, C., Luczo, T., & Jeffriess, M. (2015). A preliminary investigation into the relationship between functional movement screen scores and athletic physical performance in female team sport athletes. Biology of sport, 32(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1127281.
Masterson, G. L., Brown, S P. (1993). Effects of weighted rope jump training on power performance in collegians. J Strength Cond Res,7(2), 108–114.
Neumayr, G., Hoertnagl, H., Pfister, R., Koller, A., Eibl, G., & Raas, E. (2003). Physical and physiological factors associated with success in professional alpine skiing. International journal of sports medicine, 24(8), 571–575. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-43270.
Orr, R., Pope, R., Peterson, S., Hinton, B., & Stierli, M. (2016). Leg Power As an Indicator of Risk of Injury or Illness in Police Recruits. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020237.
Petit, P. D., Pensini, M., Tessaro, J., Desnuelle, C., Legros, P., & Colson, S. S. (2010). Optimal whole-body vibration settings for muscle strength and power enhancement in human knee extensors. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 20(6), 1186–1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.08.002.
Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of sports sciences, 18(9), 669–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120050.
Rogan, S., Radlinger, L., Imhasly, C., Kneubuehler, A., & Hilfiker, R. (2015). Validity Study of a Jump Mat Compared to the Reference Standard Force Plate. Asian journal of sports medicine, 6(4), e25561. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.25561.
Samuel, M. N., Holcomb, W. R., Guadagnoli, M. A., Rubley, M. D., & Wallmann, H. (2008). Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 22(5), 1422–1428. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318181a314.
Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences, 24(9), 919–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457109.
Sievänen, H., Zagorski, P., Drozdzowska, B., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Boron, D., Adamczyk, P., & Pluskiewicz, W. (2015). Alpine skiing is associated with higher femoral neck bone mineral density. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions, 15(3), 264–269.
Stafilidis, S., & Tilp, M. (2015). Effects of short duration static stretching on jump performance, maximum voluntary contraction, and various mechanical and morphological parameters of the muscle-tendon unit of the lower extremities. European journal of applied physiology, 115(3), 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3047-y.
Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Hikida, R. S., Murray, T. F., Hostler, D. P., Crill, M. T., Ragg, K. E., & Toma, K. (2000). Fiber type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 48(5), 623–629. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800506.
Şimşek, B. (2002). Bayan voleybol oyuncularının sıçramada etkili alt ekstremite parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Taş, M., Kiyici, F. & Kishali, N. F. (2008). Alp disiplini kayakçılarda dört haftalık sürat egzersizlerinin nitrik osit (no) seviyesine kronik etkisi / the chronic effect of four weekly speed exercise for alpine skiers to the level of nitric oxide. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (4),34-41.
Todd, C., Kovac, P., Swärd, A., Agnvall, C., Swärd, L., Karlsson, J., & Baranto, A. (2015). Comparison of radiological spino-pelvic sagittal parameters in skiers and non-athletes. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 10, 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-015-0305-6.
Tounsi, M., Aouichaoui, C., Elloumi, M., Dogui, M., Tabka, Z., & Trabelsi, Y. (2015). Reference values of vertical jumping performances in healthy Tunisian adolescent. Annals of human biology, 42(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2014.926989.
Tsubaki, A., Kubo, M., Kobayashi, R., Jigami, H., Sugawara, K., & Takahashi, H. E. (2016). Maximum Power During Vertical Jump and Isometric Knee Extension Torque Alter Mobility Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy Individuals. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 8(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.04.012.
Vieira, A., Bottaro, M., Ferreira-Junior, J. B., Vieira, C., Cleto, V. A., Cadore, E. L., Simões, H. G., Carmo, J. D., & Brown, L. E. (2015). Does whole-body cryotherapy improve vertical jump recovery following a high-intensity exercise bout?. Open access journal of sports medicine, 6, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S70263.
White, A. T., & Johnson, S. C. (1993). Physiological aspects and injury in elite Alpine skiers. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 15(3), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199315030-00003.
Wisløff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R., & Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. British journal of sports medicine, 38(3), 285–288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071.
Wojtyczek, B., Pasławska, M., & Raschner, C. (2014). Changes in the balance performance of polish recreational skiers after seven days of alpine skiing. Journal of human kinetics, 44, 29–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0108.
Yanci, J., & Camara, J. (2016). Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forces and leg asymmetries in soccer players. Biology of sport, 33(2), 179–183. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1198638.
Young, W. and Farrow, D. (2006) A Review of Agility: Practical Applications for Strength and Conditioning. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 28, 24-29. doi:10.1519/1533-4295.
Zorko, M., Nemec, B., Babič, J., Lešnik, B., & Supej, M. (2015). The Waist Width of Skis Influences the Kinematics of the Knee Joint in Alpine Skiing. Journal of sports science & medicine, 14(3), 606–619.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Anatolia Sport Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
